Thoracic aortic aneurysms most commonly are associated with hypertension and Marfan syndrome.
CAUSE
mutations in TGF-β signaling pathway components.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
it includes,
(1) encroachment on mediastinal structures (e.g., respiratory or feeding difficulties due to airway or esophageal compression, respectively)
(2) persistent cough from irritation of the recurrent laryngeal nerves
(3) pain caused by erosion of bone (i.e., ribs and vertebral bodies)
(4) cardiac disease due to valvar insufficiency or narrowing of the coronary ostia
(5) aortic rupture. Rare patients with syphilitic aneurysms commonly die of heart failure induced by aortic valvar incompetence.
(6) dysphagia
(7) dyspnea
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